Individual Hole Length

When looking at long golf courses, often times people obsess over the total length of the course. While total length is certainly a meaningful number to view, individual hole lengths are very relevant. Looking at individual hole lengths also determines if the course is really willing to take the golfer outside of his comfort zone with respect to length. Courses can also use hole length to maniuplate length into whatever they want. And individual hole lengths can also be used to determine the variety of challenge the player will face on the course.

It is rather easy for courses to climb to monsterous yardages. 7200 yards used to be considered extraordinarily long, but in reality, 7200 simply amounts to 18 holes averaging 400 yards. Certainly 400 yards is not a long hole. Bump the average up to 450 yards and the total length becomes 8100 yards. Once again, 450 yards is not an exceptionally long hole. But in many ways, courses seeking to be long simply for the sake of being long fail to realize that long is possible while also retaining variety. One of the newest courses on the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail, Fighting Joe at The Shoals Golf Club, manages to stretch out over 8000 yards, but does so with limited variety. Consider what is a "comfortable" yardage on a give hole. On a par 3, perhaps the comfort zone for golfers off the back tees is 150-235 yards. Par 4's probably range from 400-500 yards, while par 5's range from 500-625 yards. The Fighting Joe manages to reach close to 8100 yards, yet it has only one hole that falls more than slightly outside those comfort zones, that being the par 5 12th hole that plays 716 yards (the 5th and 9th holes are 236 yard par 3's, but 1 yard isn't a vast distance). Why is this? Why does this course feature such monsterous length, yet not require the better player to approach a par 4 with more than a 4 or 5 iron? How does it get that long and not require the better player to hit a 3 wood (or even a driver) into a par 3? Truth is, the course does very well and keeps the golfer inside their comfort zone on virtually every single hole. Never is the golfer asked to hit a 3 wood approach on a par 4; for golfers with any business at all playing a course of this length, that hole would need to be 550+ yards long. Never is the golfer asked to hit a driver into a par 3. So, it would seem that courses take great pains to make sure that hole length does not reach outside the normal comfort zones; even The International outside Boston, one of the longest courses in the world at 8325 yards, has only 6 holes falling outside the comfort yardages.

By keeping the individual holes within these comfort yardages, most specifically the lower limits, clubs are able to more easily determine the targeted total length of the course. It is difficult for a course like Pebble Beach to attain what many would consider  to be long yardage because the course has 9 holes that are very close to the bottom end of the comfort zones. However, the course rating is 2.7 strokes over par and the Slope is very high at 143. What so many courses miss in the quest for length is variety in hole length. But again, having holes top out at yardages near the lower end of the comfort zones makes it more difficult for courses to have top end yardages near the current "long" standard of 7200 +/- yards. This seems to be what most courses view as an acceptable yardage from the back tees. But the strange thing is, many courses fail to see that the best modern courses manage to test both the lower limits and upper limits equally, making the golfer uncomfortable by giving them long shots to greens and short shots to greens.

Here lies the key negative in keeping hole lengths within the safe areas. In order to do that, variety has to be sacrificed. A look down some of the best courses in golf, Oakmont, Pine Valley, Pebble Beach, The Old Course,  shows that the best courses have the length necessary to challenge the best players in the world, but also have significant variety in the shots required from the player. On these, and other great courses, players will find par 3's ranging from the 106 yard 7th at Pebble Beach to the 288 yard 8th at Oakmont, par 4's from the 294 yard 7th at Olympic (Lake) to the 505 yard 9th at Pebble Beach, and par 5's from the 476 yard 10th at Cypress Point to the 636 yard 7th at Pine Valley (or the 670 yard 16th at Olympic (Lake) if members are allowed to play that tee). Bottom line is, most of these courses certainly meet any need for difficulty, even if they may not meet some target yardage. And most of the time, shooting for a target number simply yields a boring golf course.

Courses can go about searching for yardage all they want, but the truth is, golfers want variety and they want interest. Interest does not come from having 10 par 4's all play between 410 and 455 yards. It comes from having one play 295 yards, one play 535 yards, and 8 others scattered in between. Same with par 3's and par 5's. Variety is the key to having a greatly interesting and high quality golf course. Sadly, in the quest for length, many new courses disregard that thought. Perhaps one day these courses will get back to top quality variety coupled with top end length.

Mike Strantz & the C.B. Macdonald Template Holes

Mike Strantz is viewed by many in the golf community as a revolutionary designer. Some of the things he produced on golf courses were visually stunning and unlike little that had been seen before. But once you start digging a bit, get past the shock value visual features, there seem to be some definite old style golf features and even some of the Macdonald School template holes. Now, to be sure, these holes do not look like the simple, yet elegant, templates that Macdonald, Raynor and Banks crafted, but the visual features and playing features are there and show up far too often to be simple coincidence.

The most well known of the Macdonald School holes are the Biarritz, Redan, Punchbowl, Sahara, Cape, Road, and Alps. All of these holes show up at least once on Strantz courses, some of them more. Certainly Strantz went and put his own unique touch on these holes, but the strategic features are still there.

All images, with exception of Bulls Bay images, taken by and used with permission from The Buffalo Golfer: http://www.buffalogolfer.com

Bulls Bay images taken by and used with permission from S. R. Arble.

Biarritz
This is a hole that Strantz created twice. The basic feature of the biarritz hole has been described here before, but generally the hole is defined by a large depression in the middle of the green running side to side. The player is given the opportunity to bring the ball in low, landing it on the front of the green, and rolling to the back.

Tobacco Road, Hole #3, 152 yards

Here, the green starts just beyond the front bunkers, dips down, and rises sharply to the back level. Perhaps not a true Biarritz given that the back level is above that of the front, but the depression and two tiered green is there.

Royal New Kent, Hole #7, 197 yards

This hole is a biarritz/redan hybrid. The depression with two tiers is there, but so is the right-to-left angle and the front kick slope. Strantz used the creek bed in lieu of a bunker as the fronting hazard and put the two pot bunkers in as the rear hazard. The bunkers short of the kick slope are traditional redan features.

Redan

Strantz also crafted this hole twice. The standard Redan has a green that is angled roughly forty-five degrees right-to-left away from the player. Traditionally, the hole has a deep bunker fronting the green and another bunker behind the green to catch shots going long. The hole is also marked by the front to back slope, allowing the players to roll the ball to the back of the green, and the bunkers that are typically short of the front kick slope, bringing distance control more into focus for the player.

Royal New Kent, Hole #7, 197 yards

--Profiled above

Bulls Bay, Hole #7, 180 yards

This hole features the standard Redan shape and the front slope into the opening, However, it lacks the cross bunkers and rear bunker.

Punchbowl

This is a hole that Strantz used a number of times. The basic idea of the Punchbowl is that the green is located in a natural bowl or depression. The slopes of the depression can either be part of the green or part of the surrounding area.

Tobacco Road, Hole #13, 573 yards

This green is most certainly located in a bowl. Much of the green is obscured from view when approaching from the fairway. Options could be incredible if the bowl walls were maintained with shorter turf rather than high love grass.

Bulls Bay, Hole #14, 190 yards

Here, you can see the entire rear and both sides of the green sloping down towards the center of the green. In this case, a portion of the surround is maintained as short turf. This gives the player the chance to use the slope to get a shot closer to the hole...or might improve the positioning of a poorly played shot as well.

Stonehouse, Hole #5, 431 yards

The features are fairly obvious here. Slopes coming into the center from all directions. This might be the most traditional of the punchbowls shown.

Cape

This hole has become something different than it originally was. The original Cape played as a dogleg but the green was located on a peninsula surrounded by water. The original hole has since been altered and today the Cape is typically defined as a dogleg hole where the player is given the option of picking a more or less aggressive line off the tee, typically cutting over some type of hazard. This hole concept is possibly the most copied hole in golf and Strantz made good use of the concept himself.

Tobacco Road, Hole #12, 419 yards

This hole bends significantly to the left around the bunker. The green is farther around the corner, not in the image. The player is able to play the tee shot as far out to the left as he dares.

Tot Hill Farm, Hole #5, 535 yards

While difficult to see in the image, the fairway here runs from right to left, away from the player. Inside the dogleg is a deep depression filled with small trees and shrubs. The most agressive line on this hole is towards the peak of the hill/mountain in the distance.

Royal New Kent, Hole #9, 407 yards

Here, the player is given the chance to pick his line over the creek that is just shy if the fairway. In prior years, the creek also served to separate the fairway on the left from a second fairway on the right. The bunkers await through the fairway to catch golfers getting a little too greedy on the conservative line.

Bulls Bay, Hole #5, 406 yards

This is the first of the Cape holes that really play over a water feature. The marshland must be carried here in order to reach the fairway and the player is able to play as far out right as he feels comfortable doing.

Road
As the name suggests, this hole is patterned after the Road hole 17th at The Old Course. The green typically is narrow and angles right to left. There is also normally a bunker short of the green, ideally a pot bunker to mimick the Road Hole Bunker and some type of hazard long of the green to represent the road itself.

This hole bears more than a passing resemblance to the Road Hole, even if it lacks the bunker short. The tall grass short provides the Road Hole Bunker feature and the wall long, there to keep balls from going onto the public road located about 10 yards beyond the hazard, provides the Road feature.

Alps
The idea here is typically to have some type of large hill feature obscuring the view of the green. Sometimes the player is given the chance to play to a disadvantaged side of the fairway in order to avoid it, other times that is not the case.

Tobacco Road, Hole #1, 558 yards

This from about 210 yards from the green, no sight of the green. The green sits about 75 yards beyond the mound in the center of the picture.

Royal New Kent, Hole #14, 344 yards

This hole allows the golfer the chance to see the green when playing to a proper location. Golfers who play tee shots to the flanks of the fairway will likely not be able to see the flag. This green is also located in a punchbowl.

Sahara

This hole plays up and over a dune or some type of sand feature that also prevents the player from seeing the ball come to rest in the fairway.

Tobacco Road, Hole #18, 432 yards

From the tee, this is what the player sees. The fairway begins directly over top of the hill but the vast majority of it is out of the player's view.

There are other examples that could be used for these hole type, certainly the Alps feature is one that Strantz uses with semi-regularity. Same with the Punchbowl. Also, you may note that no holes from True Blue and Caledonia, Strantz originals, or Monterey Peninsula (Shore) and Silver Creek Valley, Strantz redesigns, are mentioned here. I simply lack familiarity with those courses and am unable to determine if any of those holes fit into the template mold.

If you think I've missed any, and I probably have, feel free to let me know.

Mattaponi Springs Golf Club-Ruther Glen, VA

This is a fantastic course located a fair ways off of the beaten path north of Richmond, Virginia. The routing, in most places, makes great use of the terrain and even where it does not, the holes work out quite well. For the course to be located so far out of the way it gets fairly good attention, being ranked in the Golf Digest Top 100 Public courses. Based on other courses played, both on and off that list, this writer feels the course is deserving of such ranking. It is a very solid course. The only real weakness the course has is three holes in the middle of the back nine, 13, 16 and 17, that are routed over very flat land, surrounding a man-made lake, on top of a hill at the highest point on the course. But those have solid strategic value, even if they do feel a bit out of place.

Ranking:
Variety of Design: Very solid. The par 3's have variety as good as can be expected, as to par 4's and 5's. Variety in length among all holes is very good. Directional variety is as good as any, having 6 holes going Right, 5 going left, and 7 going straight. 7 3/4

Flow of the Course: The course does a very good job of taking the player up and down through the course of the round. Difficult holes are typically followed by breather holes and mundane holes followed by good ones. Adding in the fact that the course mixes up playing uphill and downhill, the course does a good job, though not a perfect one, of telling a story through the round. 7

Conditioning: The course was played during the spring season, Master's weekend, in fact, so the course might not have been as "green" as during high season. But the course had very firm fairways with solid turf cover to go along with a solid set of greens. Could have been fractionally better, but still very good. 7 3/4

Ease of Walking: Given the hilly site the course is a difficult walk, but not impossible. Generally the holes are routed somewhat close to each other, allowing for moderate to short walks between green and tee. 5

Atmosphere: Good. The club tries to be nothing more than it is, carries no amount of snobbery or the like. The club lives up to the standards set by the rankings and that adds to the history of the club. It also doesn't hurt that the course is privately owned, not owned by some huge corporation. Good, "throwback" type operation. 4

Total: 67 3/4

Holes to Note
Hole #1: Par 4, 446 yards
This is no bargain for an opening hole. Hole plays significantly downhill and has a pond awaiting the player at the end of the fairway. It is possible to reach the pond off the tee if the player hits the ball more than 300 yards from the tee, which given the downhill nature of the shot is quite possible. It is unknown why the pond is here, it certainly seems manmade. Perhaps is was needed to control run-off from the course. From the fairway, a semi-difficult shot awaits the player, coming over the pond to a slightly elevated green. This hole certainly does not give the golfer a "gentle handshake" to start the round.

From the tee, the golfer is afforded a great view of the hole and the surrounding country side. The best play is towards the right edge of the green with a slight draw if able. The farther left one is in the fairway, without being blocked of course, the better the angle for the approach shot becomes.

From the center of the fairway, the shot is rather simple, though not incredibly easy.

Hole #11: Par 4,413 yards

This hole features a double fairway set-up that allows the player to pick a side depending on how much rish he wishes to take. The left fairway is wider, but leaves a longer play to the green. The right fairway is narrow, and has disaster waiting down the right side, but will leave the player with a shorter shot to the green. The fairways are split by a cluster of trees, though they should not be in play for the golfer. The approach to the green changes little depending on side are far as angle and so forth. The left fairway is slightly more elevated giving a more level approach to the green.

From the tee, the two fairways wait. The better player, of course, can pick the fairway he wishes to play down and play to that point. The lesser player might simply aim for the trees, playing the percentages that he will not hit straight and will then find the fairway no matter which way he misses. Strategic for the best players, easy to play the the lesser ones? Seems to be a winning combination.

From outside the fairway down the left side, the green lies in wait on top of the hill. As seen here, the approach angle or difficulty would not be significantly different from either fairway, only change would be the yardage.

Hole #14: Par 3, 236 yards

The longest par 3 on the course plays over a large ravine and back up to a generous green. The design of the hole seems to prefer an aerial approach to the green since any ball landing short would have to be coming in quite fast to avoid getting stopped on the slope or, worse, coming back down the slope.

Hole #16: Par 5, 494 yards
This hole, while being out of place playing around a man made pond, it a solid hole strategically. The hole plays blind off the tee to a wide fairway. But being that it is blind, the player who has never played here does not know exactly how wide the fairway is, if is has significant slope or if it is heavily bunkered. This is the only blind tee shot on the course (it could be argued that the tee shot on 9 is blind, but that is only the case for the very longest of players) and that feature is used to full effect. Once arriving in the fairway, the player finds a very accomodating fairway with very little slope and no bunkering. From here, he must determine if he wants to go for the green in two or lay-up. Going for the green certainly brings the water right and short of the green into play. Laying up will bring the bunker that lies about 75 yards short of the green into play possibly. This is a solid risk-reward par 5 this late in the round.

The hole doesn't give the player much help from the tee. He simply must pick a line and hope it is the best (not knowing what lies in the fairway, of course)

This image, from the lay-up area, shows the flat nature of the fairway and gives a closer view ot the green site with the bunker and pond in play. This hole is very solid strategically, but the odd nature of the pond takes away from it, sadly.

Overall, this is a solid course. It certainly will not bore anyone from start to finish. The holes are solid and come together to form a very good course. The course is certainly deserving of it's ranking and very fun to play. 6 out of 10